Anatomía y patología nerviosa de los miembros superior e inferior: Guía para la movilización neural
Palabras clave:
Sistema nervioso periférico, neuropatía compresiva, neuropatía, trastornos del sistema nervioso, fisioterapiaSinopsis
El libro constituye una guía especializada que integra de manera sistemática la anatomía y la patología del sistema nervioso periférico de los miembros superior e inferior, con un énfasis particular en la movilización neural como estrategia terapéutica dentro del ámbito de la fisioterapia. Basado en una revisión rigurosa de la literatura científica, el texto describe con precisión las trayectorias anatómicas de los principales nervios periféricos, sus zonas de mayor vulnerabilidad, los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de lesión y las manifestaciones clínicas asociadas. Asimismo, se desarrolla de forma detallada la aplicación clínica de las técnicas de movilización neural, presentadas mediante una metodología paso a paso que facilita su incorporación en la práctica profesional. Esta obra está dirigida tanto a estudiantes de ciencias de la salud como a fisioterapeutas en ejercicio, con el objetivo de fortalecer la capacidad diagnóstica y terapéutica en el abordaje de disfunciones neurodinámicas. El contenido se complementa con ilustraciones anatómicas precisas, esquemas funcionales y ejemplos de evaluación y tratamiento, lo que contribuye a consolidar el aprendizaje y a estimular el razonamiento clínico. En conjunto, esta obra representa una herramienta de consulta académica y profesional que promueve una intervención segura, basada en la evidencia y orientada a la optimización del funcionamiento neuromusculoesquelético.
Citas
Aggarwal, A. K., Ottestad, E., Pfaff, K. E., Huai-Yu Li, A., Xu, L., Derby, R., Hecht, D., Hah, J., Pritzlaff, S., Prabhakar, N., Krane, E., D’Souza, G., & Hoydonckx, Y. (2023). Review of Ultrasound-Guided Procedures in the Management of Chronic Pain. Anesthesiology Clinics, 41(2), 395-470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anclin.2023.02.003
Al-Redouan, A., Holding, K., & Kachlik, D. (2021). «Suprascapular canal»: Anatomical and topographical description and its clinical implication in entrapment syndrome. Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger: Official Organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft, 233, 151593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151593
Anderson, D., Woods, B., Abubakar, T., Koontz, C., Li, N., Hasoon, J., Viswanath, O., Kaye, A. D., & Urits, I. (2022). A Comprehensive Review of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome. Orthopedic Reviews, 14(3), 38239. https://doi.org/10.52965/001c.38239
Basta, M., Sanganeria, T., & Varacallo, M. A. (2025). Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Suprascapular Nerve. En StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557880/
Bauer, A. S., Rabinovich, R. V., & Waters, P. M. (2019). The Anterior Approach for Transfer of Radial Nerve Triceps Fascicles to the Axillary Nerve. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 44(4), 345.e1-345.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2018.10.019
Bisciotti, G. N., Chamari, K., Cena, E., Garcia, G. R., Vuckovic, Z., Bisciotti, A., Bisciotti, A., Zini, R., Corsini, A., & Volpi, P. (2021). The conservative treatment of longstanding adductor-related groin pain syndrome: A critical and systematic review. Biology of Sport, 38(1), 45-63. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2020.97669
Burahee, A. S., Sanders, A. D., Shirley, C., & Power, D. M. (2021). Cubital tunnel syndrome. EFORT Open Reviews, 6(9), 743-750. https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.6.200129
Cai, Z. J., Salem, A. E., Wagner-Bartak, N. A., Elsayes, K. M., Negm, A. S., Rezvani, M., Menias, C. O., & Shaaban, A. M. (2022). Sciatic foramen anatomy and common pathologies: A pictorial review. Abdominal Radiology (New York), 47(1), 378-398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-021-03265-8
Chalk, C. (2024). Radial neuropathy. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 201, 127-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90108-6.00015-6
Chalk, C., & Namiranian, D. (2024). Meralgia paresthetica. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 201, 195-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90108-6.00013-2
Chalk, C., & Zaloum, A. (2024). Femoral and obturator neuropathies. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 201, 183-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90108-6.00007-7
Charipova, K., Gress, K., Berger, A. A., Kassem, H., Schwartz, R., Herman, J., Miriyala, S., Paladini, A., Varrassi, G., Kaye, A. D., & Urits, I. (2021). A Comprehensive Review and Update of Post-surgical Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 25(2), 11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-020-00924-1
Chen, Q., Wang, Z., Chen, X., Du, J., & Zhang, S. (2024). Efficacy of neuromobilization in the treatment of low back pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One, 19(5), e0302930. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302930
de la Rosa-Díaz, I., Torres-Lacomba, M., Acosta-Ramírez, P., Orive, I. G., Nee, R. J., de la Villa-Polo, P., Andrés-Esteban, E. M., & Sánchez-Sánchez, B. (2018). Protective myoelectric activity at performing upper limb neurodynamic test 1 in breast cancer survivors. A cross-sectional observational study. Musculoskeletal Science & Practice, 36, 68-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2018.05.003
Eduardo Zamorano Zárate. (2013). Movilización neuromeníngea: Tratamiento de los trastornos mecanosensitivos del sistema nervioso. Panamericana.
Ellenbecker, T. S., Dines, D. M., Renstrom, P. A., & Windler, G. S. (2020). Visual Observation of Apparent Infraspinatus Muscle Atrophy in Male Professional Tennis Players. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 8(10), 2325967120958834. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967120958834
Ellis, R., Richards, N., Archer, L., Whittington, C., & Mawston, G. (2021). Assessing Sciatic Nerve Excursion and Strain with Ultrasound Imaging during Forward Bending. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 47(9), 2560-2569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.05.018
Fahandezh-Saddi Díaz, H., Ríos Luna, A., Villanueva Martínez, M., Cantero Yubero, M. E., Prado, R., Padilla, S., & Anitua, E. (2023). Surgical Treatment of Saphenous Nerve Injury Assisted by Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF): Lessons from a Case Report. Clinics and Practice, 13(5), 1090-1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract13050097
Fenech, M., Roche, B., & Boyle, J. (2024). Ultrasound imaging of the femoral and saphenous nerves. Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 27(4), 229-241. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.12403
Garrett, A., & Geiger, Z. (2025). Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Calf Deep Peroneal Nerve (Deep Fibular Nerve). En StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526033/
Ghasemi-Rad, M., Nosair, E., Vegh, A., Mohammadi, A., Akkad, A., Lesha, E., Mohammadi, M. H., Sayed, D., Davarian, A., Maleki-Miyandoab, T., & Hasan, A. (2014). A handy review of carpal tunnel syndrome: From anatomy to diagnosis and treatment. World Journal of Radiology, 6(6), 284-300. https://doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v6.i6.284
Giuffre, B. A., Black, A. C., & Jeanmonod, R. (2025). Anatomy, Sciatic Nerve. En StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482431/
Granger, C. J., & Cohen-Levy, W. B. (2025). Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Posterior Tibial Nerve. En StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546623/
Guevara, D. M. G., Pérez, S. M. O., Ardón, F. B., Núñez, C. L. T., & Moreno, J. G. O. (2024). Effectiveness of neurodynamic mobilization and MCGILL-type strengthening exercises in patients with piriformis syndrome: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Physical Rehabilitation and Recreational Health Technologies, 9(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.15391/prrht.2024-9(3).08
Guevara, D., & Ortiz, S. (2025). Movilización neurodinámica: Guía para neuropatías periféricas en miembros superiores e inferiores. Editorial grupo AEA.
Gupton, M., & Varacallo, M. A. (2025). Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Genitofemoral Nerve. En StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430733/
Harinesan, N., Silsby, M., & Simon, N. G. (2024). Carpal tunnel syndrome. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 201, 61-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90108-6.00005-3
Hernández-Amaguaya, J., & Bravo, E. (2022). FISIOTERAPIA EN LESIONES DEPORTIVAS. EDITORIAL 12D.
Iskra, T., Mizia, E., Musial, A., Matuszyk, A., & Tomaszewski, K. A. (2013). Carpal tunnel syndrome—Anatomical and clinical correlations. Folia Medica Cracoviensia, 53(2), 5-13.
Jackson, L. J., Serhal, M., Omar, I. M., Garg, A., Michalek, J., & Serhal, A. (2023). Sural nerve: Imaging anatomy and pathology. The British Journal of Radiology, 96(1141), 20220336. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20220336
Johnson, J. M., Peresuh, S. J., Nassar, J. E., Shipp, M., Gil, J. A., & Katarincic, J. A. (2025). Comparing the Anatomy of the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve in Patients With and Without Meralgia Paresthetica: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.). https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24273
Kalthur, S. G., Sumalatha, S., Nair, N., Pandey, A. K., Sequeria, S., & Shobha, L. (2015). Anatomic study of infrapatellar branch of saphenous nerve in male cadavers. Irish Journal of Medical Science, 184(1), 201-206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-014-1087-2
Kamboj, A. K., Hoversten, P., & Oxentenko, A. S. (2019). Chronic Abdominal Wall Pain: A Common Yet Overlooked Etiology of Chronic Abdominal Pain. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 94(1), 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.09.018
Kellam, P., Kahn, T., & Tashjian, R. Z. (2019). Anatomy of the Subscapularis: A Review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty, 3, 2471549219849728. https://doi.org/10.1177/2471549219849728
Kim, S., Dennis, M., Holland, J., Terrell, M., Loukas, M., & Schober, J. (2018). The anatomy of abdominal flap phalloplasty for transgender surgery. Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.), 31(2), 181-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23020
Lin, L.-H., Lin, T.-Y., Chang, K.-V., Wu, W.-T., & Özçakar, L. (2023). Neural Mobilization for Reducing Pain and Disability in Patients with Lumbar Radiculopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel, Switzerland), 13(12), 2255. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13122255
Lorente, A., Mariscal, G., Barrios, C., & Lorente, R. (2023). Nerve Injuries after Glenohumeral Dislocation, a Systematic Review of Incidence and Risk Factors. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(13), 4546. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134546
Ludi, Z., Liau, M. Y. Q., Yong, B. S. J., Auyong, A. S. Y., Lynette, Q. H. T., Yeo, S. J., Tan, K. S. E., Mogali, S. R., Chandrasekaran, R., Perumal, V., & Vallabhajosyula, R. (2024). Morphometry of the sural nerve in diabetic neuropathy: A systematic review. Journal of Ultrasound, 27(2), 225-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-024-00875-y
Murata, Y., Takahashi, K., Yamagata, M., Shimada, Y., & Moriya, H. (2000). The anatomy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, with special reference to the harvesting of iliac bone graft. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 82(5), 746-747. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200005000-00016
Natroshvili, T., Meene, M. van de, Szweryn, W. J., & Kemler, M. A. (2025). The Controversy Surrounding the Arcade of Struthers: A Systematic Review of Literature. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery: Official Publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India, 58(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1793948
Orthotic intervention for the hand and upper extremity: Splinting principles and process (with Internet Archive). (2013). Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. http://archive.org/details/isbn_9781451145304
Osiak, K., Elnazir, P., Walocha, J. A., & Pasternak, A. (2022). Carpal tunnel syndrome: State-of-the-art review. Folia Morphologica, 81(4), 851-862. https://doi.org/10.5603/FM.a2021.0121
Patterson, D. C., Cirino, C. M., & Gladstone, J. N. (2019). No safe zone: The anatomy of the saphenous nerve and its posteromedial branches. The Knee, 26(3), 660-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2019.02.010
Peacock, M., Douglas, S., & Nair, P. (2023). Neural mobilization in low back and radicular pain: A systematic review. The Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 31(1), 4-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10669817.2022.2065599
Poutoglidou, F., Piagkou, M., Totlis, T., Tzika, M., & Natsis, K. (2020). Sciatic Nerve Variants and the Piriformis Muscle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus, 12(11), e11531. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.11531
Reynoso, J. P., De Jesus Encarnacion, M., Nurmukhametov, R., Melchenko, D., Efe, I. E., Goncharov, E., Taveras, A. A., Ramirez Pena, I. J., & Montemurro, N. (2022). Anatomical Variations of the Sciatic Nerve Exit from the Pelvis and Its Relationship with the Piriformis Muscle: A Cadaveric Study. Neurology International, 14(4), 894-902. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint14040072
Ribak, S., Fonseca, J. R., Tietzmann, A., Gama, S. A. M., & Hirata, H. H. (2016). The Anatomy and Morphology of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve. Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 32(4), 271-275. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1568881
Sahoo, R. K., Jadon, A., Nair, A., Ahmed, A., Giri, D., & Kar, R. (2022). Superficial peroneal nerve entrapment neuropathy and role of pulsed radiofrequency neuromodulation. Agri: Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi’nin Yayin Organidir = The Journal of the Turkish Society of Algology, 34(3), 210-212. https://doi.org/10.14744/agri.2021.82856
Shelke, S., Ambade, R., & Shelke, A. (2023). From Conservative Measures to Surgical Interventions, Treatment Approaches for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus, 15(12), e51262. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.51262
Tomaszewski, K. A., Roy, J., Vikse, J., Pękala, P. A., Kopacz, P., & Henry, B. M. (2016). Prevalence of the accessory deep peroneal nerve: A cadaveric study and meta-analysis. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 144, 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.03.026
Tzika, M., Paraskevas, G., & Natsis, K. (2015). Entrapment of the superficial peroneal nerve: An anatomical insight. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 105(2), 150-159. https://doi.org/10.7547/0003-0538-105.2.150
Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, J. J., Inostroza-Wegner, A., Osorio-Muñoz, F., Milos-Brandenberg, D., Santana-Machuca, A., Nova Baeza, P., Donoso, M. O., Bruna-Mejias, A., Iwanaga, J., Sanchis-Gimeno, J., & Gutierrez-Espinoza, H. (2024). The Association between Anatomical Variants of Musculoskeletal Structures and Nerve Compressions of the Lower Limb: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 14(7), 695. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14070695
Vasiliadis, A. V., Kazas, C., Tsatlidou, M., Vazakidis, P., & Metaxiotis, D. (2021). Plantar Injuries in Runners: Is There an Association With Weekly Running Volume? Cureus, 13(8), e17537. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17537
Vij, N., Traube, B., Bisht, R., Singleton, I., Cornett, E. M., Kaye, A. D., Imani, F., Mohammadian Erdi, A., Varrassi, G., Viswanath, O., & Urits, I. (2020). An Update on Treatment Modalities for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment: A Literature Review. Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 10(6), e112070. https://doi.org/10.5812/aapm.112070
Wang, J.-W., Zhang, W.-B., Li, F., Fang, X., Yi, Z.-Q., Xu, X.-L., Peng, X., & Zhang, W.-G. (2022). Anatomy and clinical application of suprascapular nerve to accessory nerve transfer. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 10(27), 9628-9640. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i27.9628
Węgiel, A., Karauda, P., Zielinska, N., Tubbs, R. S., & Olewnik, Ł. (2023a). Radial nerve compression: Anatomical perspective and clinical consequences. Neurosurgical Review, 46(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-023-01944-2
Węgiel, A., Karauda, P., Zielinska, N., Tubbs, R. S., & Olewnik, Ł. (2023b). Radial nerve compression: Anatomical perspective and clinical consequences. Neurosurgical Review, 46(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-023-01944-2
Wolf, J. M., Patel, R., & Ghosh, K. (2023). Radial Tunnel Syndrome: Review and Best Evidence. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 31(15), 813-819. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00314
Zarate, E. Z. (2023). Movilización neuromeníngea. Tratamiento de los trastornos mecanosensitivos del sistema nervioso.
Zurkiya, O. (2021). Quadrilateral space syndrome. Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy, 11(5), 1112-1117. https://doi.org/10.21037/cdt-20-147
Descargas
Publicado
13 June 2025
Categorías
Derechos de autor 2025 Editorial Grupo AEA
Licencia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
